![]() ![]() A notable exception is AMD's TRX40 chipset (introduced 2019 for use with Ryzen "Threadripper" CPUs), which provides the Realtek ALC1220 chip but does not provide an HD Audio interface. Nearly all x86 chipsets released since 2005 have integrated HD Audio controllers. Realtek currently supplies most of HD Audio codec chips used on motherboards and standalone cards. Codecs which can be used with such controllers are available from many companies, including Realtek, Conexant (including products of acquired Analog Devices' SoundMAX division), Tempo Semiconductor, VIA, Wolfson Microelectronics, and formerly C-Media. Implementations of the host controller are available from at least Intel, Nvidia, and AMD. Like AC'97, HD Audio is a specification that defines the architecture, link frame format, and programming interfaces used by the controller on the PCI bus and by the codec on the other side of the link. Linux also supports HD Audio controllers, as do the OpenSolaris, FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD operating systems. macOS has full support with its AppleHDA driver. There are UAA drivers for Windows 2000 and Windows XP SP2 as well. ![]() Windows XP SP3 and later Windows versions include a Universal Audio Architecture (UAA) class driver which supports audio devices built to the HD Audio specification. Users requiring more audio I/Os will typically opt for a sound card or an external audio interface, as these devices also provide additional features that are more oriented towards professional audio applications. Motherboards typically do not have any more than eight onboard output channels (7.1 surround sound) and four input channels (back and front panel microphone inputs, and a back-panel stereo line-in). However, as of 2008, most audio hardware manufacturers did not implement the full specification, especially 32-bit sampling resolution.
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